Thursday, December 26, 2019

The Ontological And Epistemological Theory - 809 Words

3.1 Introduction Kumar (2014) defines research methodology as the process used to collect data and information for the purpose of analysis and decision making. This chapter will discuss the philosophical foundations of the research which will explain the ontological and epistemological stance underpinning the study. It discusses the mixed-method design and the specific qualitative and quantitative methods adopted and how these challenges were resolved. 3.2 Research paradigm Corbetta (2003) defined paradigm as the perception adopted by researchers to inspire and direct a given science. Similarly, Guba and Lincoln (1994) noted that paradigms shape research in terms of reality (ontology), knowledge (epistemology) and methods of gaining†¦show more content†¦Tolk (2012) added that the positivist approach is characterized by control, replication and hypothesis testing. These two methods were used to identify the opinions provided by interviewees. A constructivism approaches to research According to Bryman (2012), a constructivism approach is an ontological position that asserts that social actors are continually accomplishing social phenomena and their meanings. This approach assists the researcher to present a particular version of social reality, rather than one that can be regarded as definitive. 3.4 Qualitative vs. Quantitative study To achieve the research purpose, the study employed an extensive research to collect accurate data and provide elaborate and descriptive data on the governance of sports in Malaysia. According to Creswell (2013), a quantitative study involves the use of statistical and mathematical computations to analyze data obtained from the research while a qualitative study uses non-numerical methods to gain an understanding of a phenomenon. A quantitative study allows the researcher to compare the various variables derived from the study while qualitative study enables the researcher to use primary sources to obtain data for the research. These two methods were used collectively to provide a suitable representation of the whole population under consideration and also provide comparative data

Wednesday, December 18, 2019

The Earliest Form Of Transportation Was Human Transport

The earliest form of transportation was human transport. The first people on Earth had to cross large distances in order to find the resources to live such as shelter, water, and food. Around 4,000 BC, however, humans eventually were able to tame animals such as donkeys and horses in order to use them as transportation. About 500 years later, the wheel was invented in what is now Iraq and Egyptians developed sailboats. Romans were responsible for having constructed a complex network of roads which allowed for the military to quickly move to corners of the Empire. By the 18th century, wagons being pulled by horses were used in America. They were used to expand territory and settle into new communities.[1] Not only were achievements of transport made on land, but also on water and even the in the air. In 1783, the hot air balloon was developed and was powered by a flame that would heat the air between the basket and the parachute causing the air balloon to rise into the air. However, i t was not effective at transporting people or goods because weather conditions were not controlled and it possessed a weak steering mechanism.[2] Then in 1815, the first trains were constructed as well as railroad systems. Any community that existed near a railroad track would usually flourish since trains were capable of transporting goods and people over long distances. Around this time, steam engines were developed and introduced the first steam engine powered locomotive and steamboat.[3]Show MoreRelatedTelemedicine : The Medical Field1220 Words   |  5 PagesWhile many telemedicine modalities have gained widespread acceptance in the human medical field, its use is merely in its infancy in the veterinary medical field (Devi et al 2015 p. 153). However, Ailena M. Baum, a doctor of veterinary medicine (DVM), states that she has seen a rapid increase in the use of telemedicine in the veterinary field (personal communication, June 20, 2016). Doctor Baum further states that she be lieves this trend is driven by a need for cost savings, along with a need forRead MoreThe Effects Of Cars On The Current World1347 Words   |  6 Pagesshaped the manner in which we imagine things, the world is like a global village to all of us and all the credit goes to the early inventors and those who came with the idea of motor vehicle development. Development of vehicles has changed some of the human cultures and behaviors, we even have books, articles and documentaries about the automobile inventions and all these are evidence of on how we cherish vehicles because they have truly helped us and they are still helping us. Songs, poems and severalRead MorePlan 700 Planning Paradigms And Theory1711 Words   |  7 Pagesplanning is an indefinable concept with many different associations and approaches. Before the discussion of ancient cities and formal planning, it is necessary to clarify several turning points and stages. First, the appearance of formal planning was discussed by many scholars and researchers. Kruekeberg classified the city history from 1840 to 1910 as the origins of urban planning (Krueckeberg, 1983). Fainstein and DeFilippis used the first National Conference on City Planning hold on 1909 as theRead MoreDevelopment in Transportation3732 Words   |  15 PagesDEVELOPMENT IN TRANSPORTATION Transport is an important part of the nations economy.It has progressed at a rapid pace, and today there is a wide variety of modes of transport by land, water and air. Public transport still remains the primary mode of transport for most of the population. Despite improvements, several aspects of transport are still riddled with problems due to outdated infrastructure and a burgeoning population, and demand for transport infrastructure and services has been risingRead MoreA Hovercraft Is An Air Vehicle2212 Words   |  9 Pagesinability to control and maneuver minute maintenance and noise levels are relatively high compared with the car hard enough to overcome to keep the car and the air cushion in the margins of modern transportation. It also came along more than fifty years after the accepted standard cars as a means of transport in many guises, cars, trucks, recreational vehicles and so forth. 4 WHO DISCOVERED HOVERCRAFT ? British inventor ChristopherRead MoreThe Sources Of Fossil Fuels1428 Words   |  6 Pageslimited and was not considerably ranked. It is the first step in the coal formation and is made of over sixty percent organic matter, typically of ferns and vegetation that are found in swamps. Peat has a lot of water which limits its heat content or the amount of energy it contains. It changes into a sedimentary rock. Over a period of time its pressure and temperature increases. It is cooked into the next stage of lignite. Peat has been used as a form of energy for at least 2000 years (1). It was usefulRead MoreThe History Of Animals Being Domesticated2369 Words   |  10 Pageshunters were the humans and the wolves. These two groups of hunters are surprisingly similar. Both are family based and led by a dominant male whose female partner has authority second to his. All of the members are friendly towards each other, but extremely suspicious of outsiders. All members are also protectiv e of any newborn and young in the pack, and both are good at interpreting the moods of others, by facial expression or other forms of body language. Though humans and wolves startedRead MoreHistory of Science and Technology1800 Words   |  8 Pagesscientific knowledge to achieve a specific human purpose, however, historical evidence suggests technology is a product of science. Today there are many technological advancement to enhance our daily activities, whether it be as simple as an Ipod for entertainment purposes or as vital as an artificial heart for the survival of a human live, science and technology is the reason for its existence. Science and Technology can be traced from the origin of human life 2 million years ago and each era hasRead MoreAcc cements1216 Words   |  5 PagesACC was among the first Indian companies to adopt automation of information technology. We started computerizing our systems as early as 1968 - a commitment to progress through the harnessing of relevant available technologies, a practice that continues even today. We have traveled a long way from our early days when we were using simple keypunching machines. Significant improvements have been made in application systems and infrastructure since then - from Batch processing to on-line systems,Read MoreAnalysis Of Automation And The Future Of The Auto Transportation Industry2059 Words   |  9 PagesAutomation and the Future of the Auto Transportation Industry Time and time again advancements in technology have assisted the evolution of mankind. Since Neanderthals began using stone instead of wood, and once again when ancient civilization began to use forging techniques and experimenting with different metals. This advancement continued into the 19th century when Europe and the United States went through the industrial revolution. The last revolution we went through was the computer revolution. Since

Tuesday, December 10, 2019

Anti Discrimination Law of Australia

Question: Describe about the Research report on Anti Discrimination Law of Australia? Answer: Research report on Anti Discrimination Law of Australia: The organization is Human Rights Commission of Australia. This organization was established in the year 1986. This commission had been established by the act of Federal Parliament. This commission is an independent statutory organization that often reports to the Federal Parliament through the work of Attorney General. The vision of this commission is to ensure the right of everyone within every corner of the country (Vonk and Tollenaar, 2011). The Commonwealth Government and State Government have launched Anti-discrimination Law in order to protect the people of the country from any sort of harassment and discrimination (O'Halloran, 2014). Law under Commonwealth and territory government serves the same issues of human rights and discrimination. However, there are some situations where only Commonwealth Law serves the purpose. On the other hand, there are other situations where only law of territory serves the purpose (Popova, 2009). Much legislation are there in order to protect the rights of human, those are Age Discrimination Act 2004, Disability Discrimination Act 1992, Australian Human Rights Commission Act 1986, Racial Discrimination Act 1975, Sex Discrimination Act 1984. On the other hand, Fair Work Act of 2009 is an act that relates to the workplace related issues and other purposes of workplace. Fair Work Act 2009 helps to govern the relationship of employer within Australia. It enables flexible arrangements of working structure. This act also ensures fairness within the work and lack of discrimination against the employees of a particular organization (Ellis, 2005). Therefore, as per the scenario of F, the employer of Helen has violated the human rights of an employee. Here, the employer of school must accept the application of Helen. The authority of school must not ignore the application of Helen only for her age (Langwith, 2008). According to English Common Law, the state authorities can order Helen for giving a writ petition to the authority of her workplace (Kokkoris, 2011). The main and foremost object of the anti discriminatory law is to provide a good social environment where everyone shall be equal before the law of the nation. It ensures the security of the individuals in the social phenomena (Latimer, 2012). It promotes non discriminatory principal irrespective of cast, creed, region, sex, age or race etc. Every person shall have the right to be treated as equal to that of the others before the eyes of the law. Making any type of discrimination among the individuals is the violation of human right which enforced by the government as well as by many international conventions and treaties (Ogle, 2010). Discrimination made on basis of gender is not only violation of human right but it also an offence as well as it contravenes the provisions of the law of the land. The constitution of the country provides the right among the citizen to have the equal protection of law and quality before the eyes of the law (Deaville, 2012). In present society it is notified that may be there is some kind discrimination happens but the key concept of eliminating the discrimination and infringement of rights is the globalization. Persons or authorities making such an discrimination of any kind shall be liable to be prosecuted under the provision of the law before the court of law with competent jurisdiction (Baines, 2015). Self evaluation form of an employee: Self evaluation form of an employee Name: Marry Purpose: Self evaluation Questions Dont agree Somewhat agree Agree Strongly agree Totally agree 1.The responsibilities of my job is known and understood by myself? 2. I know the responsibilities of my supervisor? 3. I know about my workload which is heavier than usual? 4. I know that I can approach to my super visor with any kind of problem relating to my work? 5. I am aware about the benefits? 6. I recognize myself as a productive employee? 7. I am a part of productive and active team that I believe? 8. I know about the long term goals of my company? 9. I know about the organizational structure of my company? 10. I know that I am well trained for my work? 11. Others Client feedback form: Feedback form Name: Marry Purpose: Competency of employee Title: Questions: 1 2 3 4 5 1.Did I accomplish all the necessary conditions? 2. Did I provide necessary information? 3. Was my approach good and polite? 4. Have I represented my company in appropriate motion? 5. Was my answers to the client are satisfactory? 6. Did solve the problem of the client? Others Date: Note: 1= low, 5=High An evaluation report: Here, Marry an employee of a reputed company which has good organizational structure as well as a good will in market field of the sector. In this process Marry was about to perform her duties regarding the services rendered by the company officials. She was at a duty to take care of the customers as to respond to them in relation to the problems facing by the customers regarding the services provided by the company. Each and every company is very much delicate regarding their good will and reputation in the market. Human resources in every organizational structure is an essential part but it does not mean that the company shall employee any random candidate into the employment of the organization, it will not develop the skill of the company but it may cause damage to the organizational structure of the company. Marry was appointed by the company with an object and expectation that she will discharge her duties towards the company as to her credential. She was vested in a very impor tant portion of the organization; she had to take the responsibilities as to the feedback of the customers as well as to solve their queries regarding the services rendered by the company. The management authorities of the company are empowered to look after the improvement and further progress of the employee. The skill developments of the employees are also quite dependable upon the management structures and management conducts of the concern company. Each and every employee should be responsible as their work and the future goals of the company. They must conduct their employment in such a manner that the persuasive objectives of the organizational structure are completed in accordance with the management regulation prescribed by the management authority. Here, the development of the skill as well as the improvement of the quality of work is to be looking after by the competent source of management of the company as the company has to invest on the employees to gain and secure future benefits from them up to a good extend of qualities. The management authorities of the company should take care of the training sessions of the concern employees in the course of the employment. The training aspect of the employees are very much important as to the development of the company as well as the for the purpose of reaching the further goals of the company. The management authority of the company should render good consideration aspects for the employees, it not only encourages the spirit of work among the employees but it also attracts the minds of the employees for the future betterment of the company as to accomplishing the goals of the company. For encouraging and promoting, the workaholic nature among the employees of the company, the management authorities must ensure good work atmosphere in workplace. References Baines, C. (2015). A Delicate Balance: Religious Autonomy Rights and lgbti Rights in Australia.Religion Human Rights, 10(1), pp.45-62. Deaville, J. (2012). Popular Music and Human Rights, Vol. 1: British and American Music ; Popular Music and Human Rights, Vol. 2: World Music.Musicology Australia, 34(2), pp.323-326. Ellis, E. (2005).EU anti-discrimination law. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Kokkoris, I. (2011).Merger control in Europe. Abingdon: Routledge. Langwith, J. (2008).Human rights. Detroit, Mich.: Greenhaven Press. Latimer, P. (2012). Australia Financial sector reform legislation.ac, 1999(13). Ogle, G. (2010). Anti-SLAPP Law Reform in Australia.Review of European Community International Environmental Law, 19(1), pp.35-44. O'Halloran, K. (2014).Church of england - charity law and human rights. Heidelberg: Springer. Popova, K. (2009).The discriminatory impact of anti-terrorism legislation on minority communities. Vonk, G. and Tollenaar, A. (n.d.).Homelessness and the law.

Monday, December 2, 2019

The Living And The Dead Essay Research free essay sample

The Living And The Dead Essay, Research Paper Most Hated Father In the book, The Living and The Dead, by Sharon Olds the writer makes writes verse forms about her position on images of life and decease and what she associates each with. This anthology seems to be largely influenced by her household, from her hated male parent and gramps, to her turning kids. Olds finds inspiration to tie in life and decease with her relatives.In The Living and The Dead Sharon Olds breaks the book into subdivisions, get downing first with a subdivision on the dead, with subdivisions on public and household verse forms. In the public subdivision one verse form that stood out to me was entitled The Death of Marilyn Monroe, for it embodied everything about the adult female that I have of all time heard about her. Miss Monroe is spoken of by work forces from her clip as being an angel, and otherworldly, and this verse form shows the consequence that her dead organic structure had on two work forces who removed her organic structure. We will write a custom essay sample on The Living And The Dead Essay Research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the verse form, the work forces are non sad that Marilyn Monroe is dead, but they are in awe that they got to see her beauty right before their eyes. It affected these work forces for the remainder of their lives, so much so that other adult females, populating adult females still could non be her to them. No 1 could fit her to them.The chief characters of the verse form in this book semen from, presumptively the writer? s household. In the subdivision on the Dead, Olds writes several verse forms ; The Guild, The Eye, and All The Dead That Have Come to Me, This Once about how she hated her gramps. The Guild Tells of her memories of her male parent as a immature college adult male sitting by the fire with his male parent, imbibing their drinks, and sharing secrets of life. The verse form is laced with a strong bitterness for her gramps, fundamentally faulting him for the manner that her male parent would subsequently handle her. She calls her male parent an learner, one wh o is larning the ways, as she says of limbo , on how to be a barbarous individual from his male parent. The Guild is in a sense the transition of cognition from one adult male, a male parent to another adult male, a boy. The Eye is about a follow-up to The Guild, because it is about the talker? s gramps, the adult male the talker loathes. The rubric refers to the fact that the gramps has a glass oculus ( stated in both The Guild and The Eye ) . She sees her gramps as a heartless adult male, one whom her male parent would follow his atrocious ways. Her gramps had no job with seting an empty home base in forepart of a kid for dinner, he would turn the visible radiations out on the kids when they would seek to read, etc. She talks about how she pictured him at Ni ght, asleep with his married woman, with one oculus unfastened, merely a black nothingness projected from him of immorality. The image of the glass oculus and of him being a bad adult male may be a analogue on the belief in the evil oculus. It is believed by some that people who have been disfigured can be marked by the evil oculus, and are capable of evil things, including being a barbarous individual. The fact that he has a glass oculus in some manner means that he is disfigured, and that when he sleeps he merely has a clean stare suggest something is wrong.The last verse form in this trilogy of hate for her gramps the talker is stating of how she hopes that her gramps is dead. The talker states that she has neer wished for anyone to be dead, but when intelligence came to her that something had happened to her gramps, she wished that he were so gone. She thought of some of the atrocious things that he had done to her. These three verse forms do non follow any peculiar signifier ; t hey do non rime, and they don? Ts have any set construction ( stanza? s, line interruptions, etc. ) , they are merely narrations on her feelings towards her gramps. Her kids inspire several of the verse forms in the subdivision on the life, and all are written with a really clear pride in them. Rite of Passage is about her boy holding a birthday party. Building off of the thought of work forces being work forces she negotiations of her small boy and his friends as being small generals, little bankers, moving all large and braggart with each other. His rite of transition is that of going and moving like a adult male. Her boy is the believing one in the group of six and seven twelvemonth olds. While they are all contending with each other over who can crush up who, her boy ends the battle by conveying up something that all of them can hold on, naming their attending to a common enemy, biennial olds. He is in charge of his military personnels. In Pre-Adolescent in Spring Olds write s about her girl as a miss before she starts to go a adult female. Her girl is sucking on ice regular hexahedrons in the warm springtime conditions runing it in her oral cavity as her female parent describes all that is about to go on to her girl ( this is done as a storyteller ) and the thaw ice regular hexahedron is symbolic of what is traveling on inside her girl. She has been frozen, but is about to run and interrupt out. This is a drama on the thought of a non-sexual adult female as being frozen, and of a sexual adult female as being hot. In her book, The Living and the Dead Sharon Olds writes about her household, who are either life or now dead or is associated as one or the other by her. From her grandparents, she draws on decease, and on her kids she draws on life. That is that the life rhythm goes, old=death, young=life, plangency. 334

Wednesday, November 27, 2019

Using the Spanish Verb Sentir

Using the Spanish Verb Sentir Sentir is a very common verb that typically means to feel. It usually refers to feeling emotions, but it can also refer to physical sensations. The Difference Between Sentir and Sentirse Sentir commonly appears in the reflexive form sentirse. The difference in using sentir and sentirse is that sentir is typically followed by a noun, while sentirse is followed by an adjective or adverb describing how a person feels. Otherwise their meanings are essentially the same. Here are some examples of sentir used to describe emotional feelings: El atleta dijo que sentà ­a alegrà ­a y satisfaccià ³n por el logro del campeonato. (The athlete said he felt joyful and satisfied about attaining the championship.)Siento pena y tristeza por ello. (I feel shameful and sad about it.)Se siente feliz por ser abuela. (She feels happy about being a grandmother.)Me siento enojada y frustrada. (I feel angry and frustrated.) Here are examples of sentir being used with physical sensations. Although in most of these cases you could probably translate sentir as to sense, usually it would be better to translate based on the context: Puedo sentir pasos en la azotea. (I can hear footsteps on the roof.)Él me dijo que sentà ­a olor a muerte. (He told me he smelled death.) When sentirse de refers to a body part, it usually indicates the sensation of pain: Me siento de la cabeza. (I have a headache.) Standing by itself, sentir can indicate sorrow or regret: Lo siento mucho. Im very sorry. Using Sentir in Phrases It is common to use sentir as part of a phrase. Although you may not use feel in the most natural translation, often you can determine the meaning of the phrase from the individual words. Some examples: sentir algo por una persona (to have love or similar feelings for someone): Decirte que ya no siento algo por ti serà ­a mentir. (To say I no longer have feelings for you would be lying.) sentir celos (to be jealous): Cree que sà ³lo sienten celos las personas inseguras. (She believes that only insecure people have jealousy.) sentir culpa, sentirse culpable (to feel guilty): No sentà ­a culpa por lo que acababa de hacer. (He did not feel guilty for what he had just done.) sentir ganas de infinitivo (to feel like doing something): Siento ganas de llorar cuando pienso en el accidente. (I feel like crying when I think about the accident.) sentir que (to be sorry or sad that): Siento que mi color de piel ha cambiado. (I am sad the color of my hair has changed.) hacer sentir (to cause a feeling in someone): A veces nos hacemos adictos a alguien que nos hace sentir bien. (Sometimes we become addicted to someone who makes us feel good.) sin sentir (without being noticed): Tomà © la medicina sin sentir ninguna diferencia en mi vida. (I took the medicine without noticing any difference in my life.) This phrase is sometimes best translated literally:  ¿Cà ³mo es posible que te lo diga sin sentir? (How is it possible that she told you that without any feeling?) Using Sentir as a Noun Sentir also can be used as a noun to refer to feelings or sentiments: El sentir y el pensar son dos funciones de la mente. (Feeling and thinking are two functions of the mind.)El presidente representa el sentir del pueblo. (The president represents the feelings of the people.)Tenà ­a una vida dedicada a la promocià ³n del sentir indà ­gena. (He had a life dedicated to the promotion of indigenous sentiment.)Las almas no nos permitieron matar sin sentir. (Our souls did not allow us to kill unfeelingly.)Entiende muy bien el sentir de la calle. (He understands very well the feelings on the street.) Conjugation of Sentir Keep in mind that sentir  is irregularly conjugated. When it is stressed, the sent- of the stem changes to sient-, as in siento, I feel. And in some but not all forms, the stem changes to sint-, as in sintià ³, he or she felt. Unfortunately, this second stem change doesnt occur in a predictable way. The conjugation pattern is shared by about three dozen other verbs. Among them are consentir (to allow), convertir (to change), mentir (to lie), and preferir (to prefer). Also, the conjugated forms of sentir overlap with those of sentar, which means to sit. For example, siento can mean either I feel or I sit. This overlap is seldom a problem because the two verbs are used in such different contexts. Key Takeaways Sentir is a common Spanish verb that typically means to feel, especially in an emotional or mental sense.There is usually little difference in meaning between sentir and its reflexive form, sentirse.Sentir is conjugated irregularly in that its stem sometimes changes to sient- or sint-.

Saturday, November 23, 2019

Free Essays on Skylab

12/4/00 Skylab was America's first space station. It was built and designed by McDonnell Douglas aeronautics. It cost approximately 2.6 billion dollars to finance the entire project (Cromie, 138). Skylab proved that humans could survive, long term, in space. The Skylab program was also used to survey the Earth for natural resources. The program was also monitored the Sun. It also tested human's endurance in weightlessness. The 100-ton Skylab was almost the size of a small house. The interior of the station measured 11334 feet in volume (Yenne,170). The dimensions of the station were 21.6feet at its widest point, and 48.1feet long. The Skylab consisted of four units. Three of these units sustained life. The orbital workshop (OWS) contained crew quarters and work areas. The OWS was divided into two stories. The upper story had food storage and space suits. The lower story contained crew quarters and places for experiments. The airlock module (AM) contained the station's control and monitoring center. The AM also allowed access to the outside of the station. The Apollo Telescope Mount (ATM) a solar observatory. The multiple docking adapter (MDA) contained docking ports for the Apollo spacecraft. When docked, the Apollo module acted as part of the station. Skylab 1 was launched on May 14,1973. Using a modified SATURN V rocket the station was sent into orbit (Cromie, 13). Skylab was set at an orbit of 270 miles (Cromie, 13). During the launch the meteorite shield was torn off. This shield not only protected against meteorites, it was coated with a special paint to resist heat. It acted as a shield from the Sun's heat. Also during the launch one of the Skylab's solar arrays was damaged. This would prove problems for the Skylab program. The crew of Skylab 2 included Charles Conrad, Joseph Kerwin, and Paul J. Weitz. The Skylab 2 mission was launched on May 15,1973. This mission's objectives included repairing the space sta... Free Essays on Skylab Free Essays on Skylab 12/4/00 Skylab was America's first space station. It was built and designed by McDonnell Douglas aeronautics. It cost approximately 2.6 billion dollars to finance the entire project (Cromie, 138). Skylab proved that humans could survive, long term, in space. The Skylab program was also used to survey the Earth for natural resources. The program was also monitored the Sun. It also tested human's endurance in weightlessness. The 100-ton Skylab was almost the size of a small house. The interior of the station measured 11334 feet in volume (Yenne,170). The dimensions of the station were 21.6feet at its widest point, and 48.1feet long. The Skylab consisted of four units. Three of these units sustained life. The orbital workshop (OWS) contained crew quarters and work areas. The OWS was divided into two stories. The upper story had food storage and space suits. The lower story contained crew quarters and places for experiments. The airlock module (AM) contained the station's control and monitoring center. The AM also allowed access to the outside of the station. The Apollo Telescope Mount (ATM) a solar observatory. The multiple docking adapter (MDA) contained docking ports for the Apollo spacecraft. When docked, the Apollo module acted as part of the station. Skylab 1 was launched on May 14,1973. Using a modified SATURN V rocket the station was sent into orbit (Cromie, 13). Skylab was set at an orbit of 270 miles (Cromie, 13). During the launch the meteorite shield was torn off. This shield not only protected against meteorites, it was coated with a special paint to resist heat. It acted as a shield from the Sun's heat. Also during the launch one of the Skylab's solar arrays was damaged. This would prove problems for the Skylab program. The crew of Skylab 2 included Charles Conrad, Joseph Kerwin, and Paul J. Weitz. The Skylab 2 mission was launched on May 15,1973. This mission's objectives included repairing the space sta...

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Ancient History of Egyptian Medicines Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Ancient History of Egyptian Medicines - Essay Example Egyptians are considered to be one of the few dynasties to have lived healthy lifestyles. Their average life expectancies have been estimated to be thirty to thirty six years. A few outliers could be traced to have lived more than sixty years as well. A few prominent examples include Kings Pepy II and Ramesses II (Musso, 2005). Egyptians have for long relied on prayer, magic and a jewelry which they usually hung about the neck and thought to be a magical protection from diseases to find cure of any illness present. They have never really taken diet as a source of cure. Milk products were seldom consumed as was the seeds or oil. Moreover, their belief in magic has produced effective results not because of the magic itself but the belief that it could cure illness. Ingredients were chosen because they were devised from substance, plant or animals which resembled condition of the patient. Only because of this rationale that many patients were given strong drugs which affected their heal th in a negative direction. For instance, an ostrich egg is included in the treatment of a broken skull, and an amulet picturing a hedgehog which might be used against baldness.Egyptians doctors or more commonly known as doctor cum priest-physicians were known to specialize in treating different constituents of the body, which aligned believes about different Gods governing specific parts of the body. Usually, doctors were called as ‘sunu’, which was written with an arrow-shaped symbol.

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Operation management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Operation management - Essay Example The main success of the company was drawn from the traditional management system and also the outstanding customer service as they believed the customer to be the greatest asset to a company. Their operations were mainly geared towards ensuring that the customers were satisfied and they looked for the best methods to ensure customer satisfaction. The employees within the organization had to work extra shifts to meet the demand of the customer in the organization. Delivery of service at the company had to be flawless and the customers had to have their services delivered on time making the process more difficult especially in the peak time when there was customer influx meaning that the processes involved increased due to the verification procedures. The company had to hire more workers on temporary basis to deal with the increase in the number of customers and also the inflows that were blowing out of hand for the employees at the company (Upton, 1997). The permanent employees also had to work extra shifts so as to meet the demands of the customers who had to get their insurance in order. The process that was involved in ensuring that the insurance forms were properly filled in and entered into the system was however marred with problems since the customers were at times not filling the form well. The problem of entering the wrong data into the systems was however more critical since the customers would be dissatisfied leading the directors to take a step and introduce the SPC model to sample the problem in the organization. The workers were not entirely amused but they had to abide by the directive and one of the directors Kluck hoped that the method would help in reducing the errors (Upton, 1997). The main reason for implementing the model to the company was mainly to understand the accuracy levels so as to come up with the best solutions to the problems that plagued the company. The SPC model was set up in such a way that each employee would

Sunday, November 17, 2019

History and Work of Ikko Tanaka Essay Example for Free

History and Work of Ikko Tanaka Essay Looking over the work of Henryk Tomaszawski I found his work to be uniquely his own in the way that each design is composed. I also felt he’s done a fine job in expressing his culture throughout his work. I’d have to compare his art form and technique to Japanese graphic designer Shigeo Fukudo. In comparing their poster works they both display their own unique style but the form, colors, and in some posters ideas are much alike. In both artists work you see their individual cultures expressed. In Tomaszawski work there’s a constant use of rich colors of purples, yellow, reds, and greens. He also uses black to emphasize his designs. Like bold lettering in heavy stroke lines. His use of these heavy stokes resembles to Japanese calligraphy. Many of his posters are very impacting but in an animated and lively way that pulls the viewer in. His work presents much softer and curvier stroke than that of Fuduka, but much of their elements are similar. The feeling is quite the same with Shigeo Fukuda. He’s also expresses his culture throughout his work. In his more recent work there’s a modern Japanese feel to it. Much of his work displays the vivid red color like that from Japan’s flag. He also fuses heavy strokes of black into most of his work. In some of his older works you see these heavy yet softer strokes but recent work shows harder more uniformed lines. Fukuda’s work is very simplistic with an animated twist. Throughout his work you see a constant use of bright colors. I think Tomaszawski and Fuduka express a sense of illusion in their work. They do this excellent job of getting their points across in a way that’s almost fantasy like. Even in their more serious nationalistic posters both chose to represent them in a impacting way that still expressed a bit of animation. Henryk Tomaszawski â€Å"Manekiny Opera Poster† (1985) Shigeo Fukuda â€Å"In Poland† (1995) In both posters you can see the elements are very similar but each artist has a distinguished way of expressing his style. I found throughout many of their posters they both have found a usage for limbs that’s quite interesting. Here is these poster Tomaszawski used more whimsical strokes to draw a female’s leg. His poster looks very much like other Polish art I have seen. While Fuduka’s poster is quite similar he chose harder more serious modern style. Here he has intertwined a male and female leg while giving the illusion of a necktie flying.

Friday, November 15, 2019

Edgar Allen Poe: A Brief Look :: essays research papers

Edgar Allen Poe from birth January 19, 1809 and death October 7,1849 had made his mark on literary history. He was a genius who went through a very difficult life, which showed in his work. If his life had been perfect we wouldn’t know him as being a great poet. He would just be another scholar.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  His parents were both actors. Being actors they weren’t well off only playing small roles in third-rate shows. He was one of three children although his older brother had been left to live with another family before Edgar knew him. He was living a normal childhood at the moment. This changed when Edgar was two; his mom had died of tuberculosis. Now him and his sister Rosalie were orphaned. It was not long till Mrs. Frances Allan coaxed her husband into taking in Edgar and raising him. The Allan’s were very wealthy and very able to provide him with the right education he needed to become successful. Mentally Edgar had no one. John Allan never accepted him as a family member he was more of a charity case to him. So really Edgar had lacked any true sense of belonging and never felt loved.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Anyway, he was sent to the University of Virginia. This didn’t turn out well being the atmosphere of campus was more social than academic. There are surviving letters from Edgar to John Allan describing the violence that is seen by Edgar between students. There is also a gambling problem at the campus. Edgar gambled so excessively that John took him out of school and wouldn’t let him continue with his education. He then came home where he found his love engaged to another man. Again he left home; he went to Boston and published a pamphlet of poems.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During his life he had a few relationships with different women. Including a marriage to his 13-year-old cousin. When he had these relationships he would still pursue other women. They were supposedly platonic though. He was always more fond of poets. Even after he had been able to marry his true love he still continued to see other women. Many had believed he was a drug addict but really he had a brain lesion. Due to this illness he had fevered dreams and intense nightmares. I believe that some of the more strange works that he wrote are also due to his brain lesion.

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Review of juvenile crime study source Essay

â€Å"Should Juveniles Be Tried as Adults† is an essay by Laurence Steinberg, which expresses his views of if, when, and why youth offenders should be tried as adults. He compares the juvenile system to the adult system and point out hat the two differ in their respective forms of decision making for treatment or discipline. In the recent past, society has redefined the judicial system for juveniles and is striving to get more youth offenders trued and disciplined in adult jail systems (632). According to Steinberg, â€Å"[this] represents a fundamental challenge to the very premise that the juvenile court was founded on – that adolescents and adults are different (632)†, and these forms of discipline are detrimental to the rehabilitation of young criminals. The author poses the question of how effective the judicial system is at determining when a child is to be tried as an adult and points out three very distinct characteristics of an adolescent individual between the ages of 12 and 17. First, he states that â€Å"there are dramatic changes in individuals’ physical, intellectual, emotional, and social capabilities† between these ages (632). Secondly, he claims that between theses ages, individuals that have broken laws are still open to many positive influences that may help them abandon their criminal instincts and tendencies (632). Lastly, he points out that youth offenders who are sentenced to harsh punishments as adolescents often do not recover from the mental harm it causes because it is an important developmental time and these experiences may have lasting and disadvantageous effects on their adult behaviors (632). In a second argument, Steinberg explains that he doesn’t believe that the age of a young defendant should be overlooked and, as seen earlier in the essay, uses three main points to illustrate this idea. First, he expresses that the legal system has a set of regulations and customs which differs from the individualistic and informal setting of a juvenile court (633). For further explanation of the point, the author informs the reader that the differences between the adult and juvenile systems are significant in that the adult system utilizes only punishment in the form of jail time, probation, and labor (work), whereas the juvenile system uses more unconventional forms of punishment which places an emphasis on rehabilitation and cooperative programs to get adolescent offenders back on the right track (633). Secondly, he states that it is questionable whether a youthful offender has the competence to stand trial or not because  of several factors including maturity and mental health status (633). In a tertiary and final point, the author informs the reader that because the adult court is based strictly on punishment, youth offenders have little to no chance for rehabilitation in the adult system (634). In his final argument, Steinberg suggests how he feels certain age groups should be dealt with in the legal systems. He concludes that children under the age of 12 should most definitely not be tried in an adult courtroom, that individuals older than 16 are â€Å"not appreciable different from adults,† and that the decision to try individuals between the ages of 12 and 16 should be based on a n individualized review and personalized assessment of circumstance, case matter, and a multitude of mental, social, and intellectual factors (635). In closing the author reminds us that ther e is no easy way to make the determination of whether youth offenders should be tried as adults, but that â€Å"ignoring the offender’s age entirely is like trying to ignore and elephant that has wandered in to the courtroom. You can do it, but most people will know that something smells foul† (635).

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Backup Criteria Essay

A company should have backup files of anything important and pertinent to their business. Any data and files that are stored on their computer should be backed up. I would suggest a full backup which includes all files whether they have been changed or not. I would have 8 datasets which includes User Acquisition Costs, Abandoned Carts, Visitor Value, Lifetime Value, Traffic, Lead Source ROI, Purchase Funnel and Percentage of Mobile Visits. I would use a File History back up. Before you start using File History to back up your files, you need to first select where your backups are saved. You can select an externally connected drive, such as a USB drive, or you can save to a drive on a network. There are other choices, but these two provide the best options to help protect your files against a crash or other PC problems. File History only backs up copies of files that are in the Documents, Music, Pictures, Videos, and Desktop folders and the OneDrive files available offline on your PC. If you have files or folders elsewhere that you want backed up, you can add them to one of these folders. The data should be taken offsite every night. Data backup is extremely critical to the survival of your business. There are numerous potential hazards that threaten your data. Equipment failures, crashes, theft, fire and flood are just a few examples of the dangers. Your company needs a solid plan in place to assure that all of your important data is retrievable. If a crash occurs, you can such utilities as fdisk, dinit, chkfsys, and spatch to detect and repair any damage that happened to files that were open for writing at the time of the crash. In many cases, you can completely restore the filesystem. Sometimes the damage may be more severe. For example, it’s possible that a hard disk will develop a bad block in the middle of a file, or worse, in the middle of a directory or some other critical block. Again, the utilities provided can help you determine the extent of suc h damage. You can often rebuild the filesystem in such a way as to avoid the damaged areas. In this case, some data will be lost, but with some effort, you can recover a large portion of the affected data. When backing up your data, you need to decide whether to back up each file and directory separately, or in an archive with a collection of other files. You also need to decide  whether or not to compress your data to reduce the storage requirements for your backups. The time lost to compression and decompression may be offset to a degree by the reduced time it takes to write or read the compressed data to media or to transfer it through a network. To reduce the expense of compression, you may choose to compress the backup copies of your data as a background task after the data has been copied, possibly days or weeks after to reduce the storage requirements of older backups while keeping newer backups as accessible as possible. You should back up often enough so that you can recover data that’s still current or can be made current with minimal work. In a software development group, this may range from a day to a week. Each day of out-of-date backup will generally cost you a day of redevelopment. If you’re saving financial or point-of-sale data, then daily or even twice-daily backups are common. It’s a good idea to maintain off-site storage.

Friday, November 8, 2019

Nutritional Diseases essays

Nutritional Diseases essays Relatively rare in the United States, Beriberi is a disease caused by a deficiency of vitamin B1 , also known as thiamine, in the diet. The disease involves peripheral neuritis nerve degeneration and myopathy muscle disease, particularly affecting heart muscles. Symptoms include diarrhea, loss of weight, fatigue, and heart failure. Beriberi is prevalent in eastern and southern Asia. Because many alcoholics fail to eat a balanced diet, it is sometimes associated with chronic alcoholism. There is dry Beriberi and wet Beriberi. Dry beriberi results in the loss of strength and of some feeling in the limbs due to nerve degeneration. Wet beriberi is caused by accumulated fluid in the limbs (edema) and in the abdomen (ascites) because of a heart malfunction; nerve degeneration is commonly present as well. Beriberi is treated with vitamin B1, and this cures most cases of the disease. Care should be taken to provide the patient with a balanced diet. Malnutrition is a condition caused by inadequate intake or inadequate digestion of nutrients. It may result from eating an unbalanced diet, digestive problems, absorption problems, or similar problems. Malnutrition is a general term that indicates a lack of some or all nutritional elements. This can occur because of deficiencies in the diet. Single vitamin deficiencies are a form of malnutrition just as starvation is a form of malnutrition. Malnutrition can also occur when nutrients are adequately consumed in the diet, but one or more nutrients are not digested or absorbed properly. Eating a good, well-balanced diet helps to prevent most forms of malnutrition. Also, you must eat an appropriate diet for your age. The nutritional disease Pellagra is caused by a lack of niacin. Niacin is an element found in the B-complex vitamins. Pellagra is a vitamin deficiency most commonly found in people whose staple die ...

Tuesday, November 5, 2019

Teaching the Functional Skill of Tooth Brushing

Teaching the Functional Skill of Tooth Brushing Tooth brushing is both an important functional life skill and an appropriate skill for school intervention.   Other functional life skills like showering may be appropriate in residential settings, but its necessary to remember that only a small minority of students are in residential placements   In that way, tooth brushing is a pivotal skill in a way  that will lead to success in other task analysis based skill programs.  Once a student understands how completing one step leads to the next, they will more quickly acquire new skills.   Tooth Brushing Task Analysis First, you need to start with a task analysis, which lays out the discrete steps that a child must complete in order to complete the entire task. These need to be operationalized or described in a clear way that any two observers would see the behavior and identify it in the same way.  Below is a straightforward task analysis. Remove toothpaste and toothbrush from the drawerTurn on cold waterWet toothbrush     Ã‚  Ã‚     Remove cap from toothpaste     Ã‚  Ã‚  Squeeze 3/4 inch of  toothpaste on bristles   Ã‚  Ã‚     Place brush with toothpaste into the top right side of the mouthBrush up and downPlace brush into the left top sideBrush up and downRepeat on right bottomRepeat on left bottomBrush front top and bottom teethRinse mouth with water from water glass  Ã‚  Rinse your brush in the sinkReplace brush and toothpasteTurn off water Instructional Strategy Once you have a task analysis that fits your students need, you have to choose how you will teach it.   Students with a significantly disabling disability may need either forward or backward chaining, teaching one or two steps at a time, mastering each before moving on, or  your student may be able to learn the whole task, using visual prompts, or even a list, for students with strong language skills. Forward Chaining:  Forward chaining  is recommended for a student who is capable of learning multiple steps quickly, over a short span of time.  A student with good receptive language may respond quickly to modeling and some verbal prompting. You will want to be sure that the student exhibits mastery of the first two or three steps without prompting before moving on, but you will be able to expand the steps quickly.   Ã‚   Backward Chaining:  Backward chaining  is recommended for students who do not have strong language.  By performing the early steps hand over hand while naming them, you will be giving your student repeated practice in the steps for tooth brushing while building receptive vocabulary, and as you get closer to the end, you will withdraw prompting for the last steps, while keeping the reinforcement for completion closest to successful completion of the task.   Complete Task: This is the most successful with children with high functional skills. They may even be able to complete the task with a written checklist.   Visual Schedule In each of these strategies, a visual schedule would be helpful. Creating a picture schedule with the student completing each step (heavily edited, of course,) is a very effective way to support student success. The visual schedule can be reviewed before you brush teeth or can be placed on the counter. Try using laminated pictures with a hole punched in the corner, bound with a binder ring. You could also make a flip book using two rings at the top of the pictures, having the students lift and flip each page.   Evaluating Success In order to determine whether your student is making progress, youll want to be sure you are not over prompting which may easily lead to prompt dependence.

Sunday, November 3, 2019

The Price Of Freedom Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Price Of Freedom - Essay Example I thought that the contract was one of the many contacts that I had lost over time. I went on to pick the call and an elderly voice called out my name in a friendly tone. The man summoned me to meet him outside the club so that he could make clear his intentions. I walked out of a small room that served as a pub and at the same time as the dancing room. Immediately I walked out of the club, and three men were standing adjacent to the door and met me as if they knew me well. One of the men spontaneously offered to buy me a drink that I agreed to. We entered the club and one of my friends held my beer from afar. I signaled him to give me a couple of minutes before I could join them. As we approached the bar, the man who had offered to buy a drink told me to order any drink of my choice. I went ahead and ordered a soft drink since I thought that the men were friends of my father or at least one of my uncles. As the bartender fetched my order, I took a quick look at one of the men. He was dark, tall and well built. His blazer’s size appeared to be bigger near the waist, and the thought of a gun crept into my mind. The other man tapped my shoulder and requested to see my phone. I asked him what intentions were since I did not have an idea of who he was. The other man went on to ask for a physical evidence of my phones receipt. I told them that I had no obligation of doing what they asked, and I had used my phone for some time thus there’s no way I could have stolen it. One of the men told me that it was true that my phone had been stolen and that he had evidence to back his statement. My friends had already come nearer and were listening carefully. They also reassured the men that the phone was mine since I had possessed it for some time. Suddenly, one of the men drew out a gun from his waist. In a fraction of a second, the other man showed me some pictures that depicted all my dealings in the past two months.

Friday, November 1, 2019

History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

History - Essay Example Therefore, there was no distinction between civilians and military officers. The world at that time was experiencing an era of technological advancement. Nuclear weapons were dominantly used. The zenith of this was a nuclear attack by troops of the US in the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. These nuclear attacks led culminated in catastrophic effects in the attacked places. The effects still continue to be felt. In Japan, for example, 7 generations have passed since Hiroshima and Nagasaki were bombed. Genealogies of the bomb attack victims have side effects of the nuclear weapons to date. This just shows how the World War II was detrimental to the lives of many.One phenomenon that always arises with the mention of the World War II is the Holocaust. This denotes the widespread massacre of Jews by the Nazi army of Adolf Hitler the German dictator at that time1. The war ended on September 2, 1945 with the subsequent creation of the League of Nations which was later christened the United Nations. The US and Russia emerged as the world’s superpowers. This essay will tackle the nature of the people during this infamous war. It will analyze whether the nature was good or bad. Finally, it will illustrate the affect the nature had on the politics, economy and religion of the world. Christopher Browning’s book, Ordinary Men best illustrates the phenomenal nature in this infamous war. It gives evidence about the perpetrators of the Holocaust and the effects of the war. Browning notes that the draftees of the Holocaust were simply ordinary men who were not necessarily evil. They were only obliging to the demands of one Adolf Hitler. They were not evil at all he notes. For example, we are told that o June 12, 1942 one commanding officer in the Nazi army is ordered to kill all able bodied Jewish males in the city of Josefow in Poland. He did not intend to do this, but had to follow orders. The book tells of one commander, Wilhelm Trapp who gave his me n an option of executing the Jews or not doing it. We are informed that only twelve soldiers went ahead and executed the Jews, but about 500 of them did not. This explains that in most soldiers, behind the obligatory roles lay the human character. One that was compassionate and ready to forgive. Browning then reveals in his books about subsequent events that lead to the Holocaust. We are told that in the city of Hamburg, in 1943, about 38000 Jews were shot dead mercilessly while about 45000 of them were thrown to gas chambers. The holocaust had begun. The author explains how ordinary German men graduate and become murderers2. We are left to wonder what went wrong of all these men. A few months changed them. Hitler had cultivated a culture of hate in them. They simply hated Jews for no apparent reason. They actions were not justified at all. Millions of Jews lost their innocent lives in cold blood. The Nazi soldiers became brutal beings. The Germans in the early parts of the war were very aggressive in nature. They managed to conquer most parts in the war. The international community stayed put and mum about the Nazi killings. This can be attributed to the fact that, in the early parts, the Germans were heavily endowed in technology. They took the world by storm with their warfare tanks, armored vehicles and military planes referred to as torpedoes. Their innovative nature contributed to their success in the early exchanges. Success

Wednesday, October 30, 2019

Performance Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Performance Management - Essay Example Therefore, apart from overcoming the barriers such as language, cultural differences and influence of the trade unions, the management needs to concentrate on the matters relating to recruitment of staff, training to the employees, system for appraisal of performance, compensation to employees and maintaining cordial relationship with the employees, because these are the areas where the scope of the management significantly differs with the domestic HRM based on the corporate policies of the company. The paper seeks to study and analyse the international operations and expansion strategies of Mega Widgets, with the ambition of planning to list its company in Australian Stock Exchange in 2014 or 2015, for suggesting improvements in performance management. Organisation Structure The corporate culture at Mega-Widgets has been influenced by the founding family members. The structure of the organization plays an important role in the implementation of its strategies and controls. The deci sion making process is influenced by the structure of the organization which remains very centralized presently. All expatriate assignments have been individually negotiated by the Newcastle Plant Manager. The company has manufacturing plants and sales offices in Indonesia and India with senior management positions filled by Australian expatriates. The structure of the organization hampers decision making process and affects performance. The function of integration of the whole organization spread all over the world on day to day basis saps the energy of the management team located at the head office. Under such circumstances, the coordination of the corporate activities becomes very difficult. McGuire (2011) states â€Å"To treat organizations as singular entities devoid of diversity is to ignore the richness of employee backgrounds and experience. If organizations are to prioritise creativity and innovation, then it is imperative that unique perspectives are valued and appreciate d.† (p. 179). There have been changes introduced in the organization in the wake of expansions proposed in China and US. The company has created a new post Executive Director Human Resources. This appointment combined with the efforts of the Project Control Groups established by him will enable the Board to consider proposals for international resource management programs. These programs are expected to facilitate current operational requirements and impact the future strategic direction of Mega-Widgets by improving its performance in the long run. Management Policy The management follows progressive policies for its growth strategies and is highly professional in its attitude. This reflects in the management policy: The family relatives are not guaranteed of a job – they must prove themselves like everyone else.   The Executive Director Human Resources, with the full support of the Board, has established international human resources management project control groups to lend support to the expansion strategies of the company for effectively implementing the expansion strategies. Garavan & Garbery (2012) state, â€Å"Strategic HRD (SHRD) is premised on the view that HRD practitioners possess the competence to assume the role of strategic partners, strategic players and players in the business rather than simply

Monday, October 28, 2019

Compare and Contrast at least three of Fanthorpes poems Essay Example for Free

Compare and Contrast at least three of Fanthorpes poems Essay Fanthorpes poems: Half-past Two, Dear Mr Lee, and You will be hearing from us shortly offer us an insight into the views and thoughts of Fanthorpe, as well as making the reader think about their own preconceptions. She does this by making quirky and sometimes satirical poems, which seem almost like prose. Fanthorpes aims are unmistakable; her way of inviting the reader to look at life through her tongue-in-cheek writing makes people question their belief on the matter(s) that the poem explores. For example in Half-past Two the poet queries the strange idea of time. Adults see time as a number organised into a sequence that continues through out the day with out stopping. However in this poem Fanthorpe shows that children develop a different sense of time, almost like a dream world where time, as we know it, stops to exist. She also delves into the way that children see time as an event not a number, for example timeformykisstime. Likewise, in Dear Mr Lee, the poet disputes the way of teaching English, stating that the way teacher deconstruct and analyse poems makes it impossible for the piece to be appreciated for its face values. Similarly, You will be hearing from us shortly dissects the truth about interviews and the way that pressure in an interview can make the interviewee feel looked down on and prejudged. The poem is slightly satirical towards the end, but this only exaggerates the point that Fanthorpe is trying to convey. While under pressure, interviewees can hallucinate in a surreal manner. For example, And you were born-? Yes pity. Overall, the aims of all three poems suggest that Fanthorpe has some strong views about things we dont really see as serious issues but do affect people. Technique plays a big role in all of Fanthorpes poems, especially You will be hearing from us shortly, where the text aligned on the right indicates what the interviewer is thinking at that point in the interview. This is unique to Fanthorpes poems. Likewise in Dear Mr Lee irregular and haphazard line endings and even a P.S. in the poem contributes to the idiosyncratic nature of it. However in Half-past Two there are well-organised stanzas, typical of the common types of poem. Capital letters are used to exaggerate or highlight an important idea that Fanthorpe wants to be recognised, for example on Her desk represents the way the child imitates something said to him. Another variant from the norm in all three poems is the use of brackets or italic writing to represent either private thoughts or another voice. During the three pieces various voices are regularly used; the poet will do this to show either a different viewpoint or the words of a narrator. In the poem Half-past Two voices are used extensively to represent what the child was thinking, what the teacher said and also the narrating. During Dear Mr Lee there seems to be no arrangement in the text at all, however it does resemble a prose letter. However, looking more closely, the poem seems to represent the childs feelings about teaching methods. Voices in this poem seem to consist of the childs thoughts and her teachers remarks. However in You will be hearing from us shortly the only voice is of the interviewer(s). I imagine Fanthorpe does this so that the reader can add in his or her own response to the observations of the interviewer. Fanthorpes style is very prose-like and the colloquial nature invites the reader into a new dimension of humour. The register in all three poems is varied, for example in Dear Mr Lee goes from, youd know its lived with me, stained with Coke and Kitkat too, good at terse and cogent. This varied approach to the poem may be due to the different voices that Fanthorpe puts in. All three poems especially contain a satirical and sarcastic tone, and towards the end of You will be hearing from us shortly there is an almost surreal and dreamy feel to the tone. However all the poems, as well as having humour and tongue-in-cheek style, also harness a serious intention. For example in You will be hearing from us shortly, even though it is quite funny, the way you can be looked down on in as an interviewee is a prejudice. For example the interviewer says And now a delicate matter: your looks. Do you appreciate this work involves contact with the actual public? This is clearly is meant to be a realistic event so that Fanthorpe can insight the reader to believe that prejudice does happen. Generally all the poems are very well written, however close analysis reveal even more about the poets way with words. In Half-past Two the last stanza is a brilliant description of the way that a child can slip into the clockless land of ever, and time hides waiting to be born. This end fraction of the poem portrays the childs dream world and how there is no time until the child is taught how to read time and it is then that time, as adults know it is born. In You will be hearing from us shortly the poet could not only be referring to the way that interviewers look upon interviewees, but how candidates assume surreal events will occur in the interview. For example it is very unlikely that an interviewer would comment on the very existence of an interviewee. During Dear Mr Lee Fanthorpe takes on the role of a child and doesnt tell the reader she has done this but instead writes like one. She achieves this by having no indents, no punctuation, random line lengths, no rhythm or rhyme and no paragraphs. For example there is not one full stop until the forty-ninth line. Writing like a child makes the reader think that the poem is being told by a child. To conclude, the three Fanthorpe poems looked at in the Essay help us to understand the way that Fanthorpe regards incidents happening in the world today. It also uses a colloquial tone that provides a jovial piece to read as well as getting a serious point through. All in all the prose-like texts let the reader enjoy an idiosyncratic and meaningful set of poems.

Saturday, October 26, 2019

What’s in a Name? :: Research Papers

What’s in a Name? Throughout his book Virtually Normal, Andrew Sullivan explains how people of all different kinds of beliefs think about and treat homosexuals and homosexual behavior in society. He labels the four most commonly held viewpoints on homosexuality (liberationist, conservative, liberal, and prohibitionist) and poses his own politics of homosexuality. According to Sullivan's labels, gay and lesbian activist Urvashi Vaid would be considered a liberal. Vaid is a liberal because even though she may support some aspects of the other four viewpoints, the main points that the other four entail clash considerably with her own beliefs. Vaid is not a prohibitionist, a conservative, a liberationist, or a believer in Sullivan's own politics; she is a liberal under Sullivan's classification. Prohibitionists, according to Sullivan, are those who â€Å"wish to cure or punish people who prac ­tice homosexual acts, and to deter all the others who might be tempted to stray into the homosexual milieu† (Sullivan 22). These people believe that homosexuality is a choice, and that homosexuality violates a natural law. This natural law is the prohibitionist view that heterosexuality is the normal, natural form of human sexuality and that all other deviance, inducing homosexuality, is not normal and not natural. Scripture, and this natural law philosophy, are some of the intellectual ammunition prohi ­bitionists use. They want to stop tolerance of homosexuality at all costs. Urvashi Vaid, on the other hand, wants complete tolerance for homosexuals. She argues against these â€Å"evils† for equal rights for gays. She desires liberation of gay people, so they do not have to live in closets or in gay ghettos, and she wants the end of discrimination against gay and les bian people. She will not settle for virtual equal ­ity, and her goal of complete equality is against all a prohibitionist stands for. Andrew Sullivan describes his conservatives as people who are inconsistent, people who have a hypocritical stance on the issue of homosexuality. These people â€Å"combine a private tolerance of homosexuals with a public disapproval of homosexuality. While they do not want to see legal persecution of homosexuals, they see no problem with the discouragement and disparagement of homosexual sexual behavior† (Sullivan 97). They believe that people's private lives are their own, but in public the heterosexual form is the right form, and anything publicly against that norm will hurt society. So if homosexual people keep quiet about their homosexuality and let heterosexual dominance continue, then all will be well.

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Marketing strategies Essay

The word â€Å"strategy† is derived from the Greek word â€Å"stratà §gos†; stratus (meaning army) and â€Å"ago† (meaning leading/moving). Strategy is an action that managers take to attain one or more of the organization’s goals. Strategy can also be defined as â€Å"A general direction set for the company and its various components to achieve a desired state in the future. Strategy results from the detailed strategic planning process†. A strategy is all about integrating organizational activities and utilizing and allocating the scarce resources within the organizational environment so as to meet the present objectives. While planning a strategy it is essential to consider that decisions are not taken in a vaccum and that any act taken by a firm is likely to be met by a reaction from those affected, competitors, customers, employees or suppliers. Strategy can also be defined as knowledge of the goals, the uncertainty of events and the need to take into consideration the likely or actual behavior of others. Strategy is the blueprint of decisions in an organization that shows its objectives and goals, reduces the key policies, and plans for achieving these goals, and defines the business the company is to carry on, the type of economic and human organization it wants to be, and the contribution it plans to make to its shareholders, customers and society at large. Features of strategic management Strategy relates the firm to its environment, particularly the external environ-ment in all actions whether objective setting, or actions and resources required for its achievement. This definition emphasizes on the systems approach of management and treats an organization as part of the society consequently affected by it. Strategy is the right combination of factors both external and internal. In relating an organization to its environment, the management must also consider the internal factors too, particularly its strengths and weaknesses, to take various courses of action. Strategy is relative combination of actions. The combination is to meet a particu-lar condition, to solve certain problems, or to attain a desirable objective. It may take any form; for every situation varies and, therefore, requires a somewhat different approach. Strategy may even involve contradictory action. Since strategic action depends on environmental variables, a manager may take an action today and revise or reverse his steps tomorrow depending on the situations. Strategy is forward looking. It has orientation towards the future. Strategic ac-tion is required in a new situation. Nothing-new requiring solutions can exist in the past, and so strategy is relevant only to the future. Process The strategic management process is more than just a set of rules to follow. It is a philosophical approach to business. Upper management must think strategically first, then apply that thought to a process. The strategic management process is best implemented when everyone within the business understands the strategy. The five stages of the process are goal-setting, analysis, strategy formation, strategy implementation and strategy monitoring. 1. Goal-Setting The purpose of goal-setting is to clarify the vision for your business. This stage consists of identifying three key facets: First, define both short- and long-term objectives. Second, identify the process of how to accomplish your objective. Finally, customize the process for your staff, give each person a task with which he can succeed. Keep in mind during this process your goals to be detailed, realistic and match the values of your vision. Typically, the final step in this stage is to write a mission statement that succinctly communicates your goals to both your shareholders and your staff. 2. Analysis Analysis is a key stage because the information gained in this stage will shape the next two stages. In this stage, gather as much information and data relevant to accomplishing your vision. The focus of the analysis should be on understanding the needs of the business as a sustainable entity, its strategic direction and identifying initiatives that will help your business grow. Examine any external or internal issues that can affect your goals and objectives. Make sure to identify both the strengths and weaknesses of your organization as well as any threats and opportunities that may arise along the path. 3. Strategy Formulation The first step in forming a strategy is to review the information gleaned from completing the analysis. Determine what resources the business currently has that can help reach the defined goals and objectives. Identify any areas of which the business must seek external resources. The issues facing the company should be prioritized by their importance to your success. Once prioritized, begin formulating the strategy. Because business and economic situations are fluid, it is critical in this stage to develop alternative approaches that target each step of the plan. 4. Strategy Implementation Successful strategy implementation is critical to the success of the business venture. This is the action stage of the strategic management process. If the overall strategy does not work with the business’ current structure, a new structure should be installed at the beginning of this stage. Everyone within the organization must be made clear of their responsibilities and duties, and how that fits in with the overall goal. Additionally, any resources or funding for the venture must be secured at this point. Once the funding is in place and the employees are ready, execute the plan. 5. Evaluation and Control Strategy evaluation and control actions include performance measurements, consistent review of internal and external issues and making corrective actions when necessary. Any successful evaluation of the strategy begins with defining the parameters to be measured. These parameters should mirror the goals set in Stage Types of strategic management 1. Functional strategies Functional strategy- selection of decision rules in each functional area. Thus, functional strategies in any organization, some (e.g., marketing strategy, financial strategy, etc.). It is desirable that they have been fixed in writing. In particular, functional strategies are as follows: Production strategy( â€Å"make or buy†) – defines what the company produces itself, and that purchases from suppliers or partners, that is, how far worked out the production chain. Financial Strategy- to select the main source of funding: the development of their own funds (depreciation, profit, the issue of shares, etc.) or through debt financing (bank loans, bonds, commodity suppliers’ credits, etc.). Organizational strategy- decision on the organization of the staff (choose the type of organizational structure, compensation system, etc.). May be allocated and other functional strategies, for example, the strategy for research and experimental development (R & D), investment strategy, etc. In addition, each of the functional strategies can be divided into components. For example, organizational strategy can be divided into three components: strategy of building organizations – to select the type of structure (divisional, functional, project, etc.); strategy to work with the staff – a way of training (mainly administrative staff), training of staff (in a business or educational institutions), career planning, etc.; Strategy wages (in the broader sense – rewards and penalties) – in particular, the approach to the compensation of senior managers (salary, bonuses, profit sharing, etc.). Organization for the implementation of the strategy at the functional area responsible senior specialist (Ch. Engineer, Director of Finance), at the enterprise level – the general director or director of the department, at the level of groups of companies – a collegiate body (management, board of directors). 2. Human resources Role in Strategy Formulation: HRM is in a unique position to supply competitive intelligence that may be useful in strategy formulation. Details regarding advanced incentive plans used by competitors, opinion survey data from employees, elicit information about customer complaints, information about pending legislation etc. can be provided by HRM. Unique HR capabilities serve as a driving force in strategy formulation. 3. Marketing strategies Marketing management is a business discipline which is focused on the practical application of marketing techniques and the management of a firm’s marketing resources and activities. Globalization has led firms to market beyond the borders of their home countries, making international marketinghighly significant and an integral part of a firm’s marketing strategy. Marketing managers are often responsible for influencing the level, timing, and composition of customer demand accepted definition of the term. In part, this is because the role of a marketing manager can vary significantly based on a business’s size, corporate culture, and industry context. For example, in a large consumer products company, the marketing manager may act as the overall general manager of his or her assigned product. To create an effective, cost-efficient marketing management strategy, firms must possess a detailed, objective understanding of their own business and the market in which they operate. In analyzing these issues, the discipline of marketing management often overlaps with the related discipline of strategic planning. To achieve the desired objectives, marketers typically identify one or more target customer segments which they intend to pursue. Customer segments are often selected as targets because they score highly on two dimensions: 1) The segment is attractive to serve because it is large, growing, makes frequent purchases, is not price sensitive (i.e. is willing to pay high prices), or other factors; and 2) The company has the resources and capabilities to compete for the segment’s business, can meet their needs better than the competition, and can do so profitably. [3] In fact, a commonly cited definition of marketing is simply â€Å"meeting needs profitably.† 4. Financial strategy To get the most out of your financial resources and achieve sustainability you’ll need to successfully manage all your funding and financing sources in an overarching strategy for your organisation. Many organisations manage income from a number of different funding and finance sources – from donations, grants, contracts and income generated from trading. A financial strategy enables your organisation to assess your financial needs and the sources of support required to meet your objectives and fulfil the organisational mission, whilst also planning for continued growth to enable stability. You’re financial strategy will derive from your mission. So the first step is to clearly define why you exist and you plan to achieve your mission before preparing any budgets. Cadbury History Birmingham 1824 John Cadbury was one of ten children of Richard Tapper Cadbury, a prominent Quaker who had moved to Birmingham, England from the West Country in 1794. In 1824, 22-year-old John Cadbury opened his first shop at 93 Bull Street, next to his father’s drapery and silk business in the then fashionable part of Birmingham. Apart from selling tea and coffee, John Cadbury sold hops, mustard and a new sideline – cocoa and drinking chocolate, which he prepared using a mortar and pestle. Cocoa and drinking chocolate had been introduced into England in the 1650s but remained a luxury enjoyed by the elite of English society. Customers at John Cadbury’s shop were amongst the most prosperous Birmingham families, the only ones who could afford the delicacy. Cocoa beans were imported from South and Central America and the West Indies. Experimenting with his mortar and pestle, John Cadbury produced a range of cocoa and chocolate drinks, the latter with added sugar. The products were sold in blocks: customers scraped a little off into a cup or saucepan and added hot milk or water. John Cadbury had a considerable flair for advertising and promotion. â€Å"John Cadbury is desirous of introducing to particular notice ‘Cocoa Nibs’, prepared by himself, an article affording a most nutritious beverage for breakfast,† announced his first advertisement in the Birmingham Gazette in March 1824. He soon established himself as one of the leading cocoa and drinking chocolate traders in Birmingham. The popularity and growing sales of John Cadbury’s cocoa and drinking chocolate of ‘superior quality’ determined the future direction of the business. In 1831, John Cadbury rented a small factory in Crooked Lane not far from his shop. He became a manufacturer of drinking chocolate and cocoa, laying the foundation for the Cadbury chocolate business. These early cocoa and drinking chocolates were balanced with potato starch and sago flour to counter the high cocoa butter content, while other ingredients were added to give healthy properties. By 1842, John Cadbury was selling sixteen lines of drinking chocolate and cocoa in cake and powder forms. The Quaker Influence The Cadbury family were prominent members of the Society of Friends or Quakers, one of the many nonconformist religious groups formed in the 17th century. Their strong beliefs carried into campaigns aimed at ending poverty and deprivation and many prominent Quaker-run businesses were part of reforms of social and industrial society in Victorian Britain. John Cadbury’s lifelong involvement with the Temperance Society influenced the direction of his business enterprise. By providing tea, coffee, cocoa and chocolate as an alternative to alcohol he felt he was helping to alleviate some of the alcolohol-related causes of poverty and deprivation amongst working people. He also incorporated some of these principles in his industrial relations philosophy. (See A Progressive Workplace) Cadbury Brothers of Birmingham John Cadbury As the enterprise prospered, in 1847 John Cadbury rented a larger factory in Bridge Street, off Broad Street, in the centre of Birmingham and went into partnership with his brother Benjamin – trading as Cadbury Brothers of Birmingham. The retail side of the business in Bull Street was passed to a nephew, Richard Cadbury Barrow in 1849. Barrow Stores, as it became, traded in Central Birmingham until the 1960s. A major turning point for the cocoa and chocolate industry came in the mid-1850s, when taxes on imported cocoa beans were reduced by Prime Minister William Gladstone. The previously prohibitive chocolate products were now within the reach of the wider population. Cadbury Brothers received their first Royal Warrant on February 4, 1854 as ‘manufacturers of cocoa and chocolate to Queen Victoria.’ The company continues to hold royal warrants of appointment. During the 1850s business began to decline. The partnership between the first Cadbury brothers was dissolved in 1860, a difficult time in the company’s history. John Cadbury’s sons Richard and George, who had joined the company in the 1850s, became the second Cadbury brothers to run the business when their father retired due to failing health in 1861. John Cadbury devoted the rest of his life to civic and social work in Birmingham until his death in 1889. Although they had worked in their father’s business for some years, the prospects for Richard. 25, and George, 21, were daunting. Their first five years were a period of unremitting toil with few customers, long hours and very frugal living. Both seriously considered taking up other vocations – Richard as a surveyor in England and George as a tea planter in India. George was focused on manufacturing, and Richard with sales, but in the early days both brothers went out and promoted their goods. Due to their dedication, sheer hard work and improvements in the quality of Cadbury cocoa products, the business survived and prospered. Technological Advancements Historic packaging Dissatisfied with the quality of cocoa products, including their own, the Cadbury brothers took a momentous step in 1866 that not only had a bearing on their business but revolutionised the whole of the British cocoa business. Until that time English cocoa had been heavily adulterated with starch substances like potato flour or sago to mask the excess cocoa butter. The cocoa drink, as described by George Cadbury himself, was a â€Å"comforting gruel†. Following a visit to the Van Houten factory in Holland to see their new cocoa press, the brothers introduced this new process to their Bridge Street factory. The press removed some of the cocoa butter from the beans, producing a less rich and more palatable cocoa essence – the forerunner of the cocoa we know today. There was no need to add flour and Cadbury’s new cocoa essence was advertised as ‘Absolutely pure†¦therefore Best’ At that time there was much concern in Parliament about the adulteration of food, including cocoa. The new unadulterated Cadbury’s cocoa essence was heralded as a major breakthrough and resulted in the passing of the Adulteration of Food Acts in 1872 and 1875. Cadbury received a remarkable amount of free publicity during this period and sales increased dramatically. The marketing of this cocoa essence helped turn a small business into a vast worldwide company. The introduction of cocoa essence was not the only innovation that improved the Cadbury Brothers’ trade. The plentiful supply of cocoa butter remaining after the cocoa was pressed made it possible to produce a wide variety of new kinds of ‘eating chocolate,’ leading to the development of the smooth creamy chocolate produced today. The quality of the chocolates made by the company following the introduction of the cocoa press was such that in the 1870s, Cadbury broke the monopoly which French producers had previously enjoyed in the British Market. Cadbury’s Chocolate Box A chocolate for eating had been produced at the Cadbury factory since 1849 but it was not, by today’s standards, a very palatable product. With the availability of cocoa butter a new chocolate recipe produced chocolate similar to that which we enjoy today. Refined plain chocolate was made for moulding into blocks or making bars and chocolate creams that with chocolate-covered fruit-flavoured centres. Cadbury’s â€Å"fancy chocolates†- or assortments as they are now called – were sold in decorated boxes, with small pictures that children could cut out to stick into scrapbooks. Richard Cadbury applied his considerable artistic talents to introduce more ambitious and attractive box designs from his own paintings, using his own children as models or depicting flowers and scenes from his travels. They were the first British-made fancy chocolate boxes and were very popular. Some of his original boxes still exist. Elaborate chocolate boxes were much prized as special gifts by the late Victorians as they could later be used as trinket or button boxes. Chocolate box designs ranged from superb velvet covered caskets with bevelled mirrors and silk lined jewel boxes to pretty boxes with pictures on the lid. The popularity of these splendid Cadbury boxes continued until their disappearance during the Second World War. Victorian and Edwardian chocolate boxes are now collector’s items. Cadbury Brothers Ltd The business became a private limited company – Cadbury Brothers Limited – in 1899 following Richard Cadbury’s sudden death at the age of 63. George Cadbury became chairman of the new board and his fellow directors were Barrow and William A. Cadbury, sons of Richard and two of his own sons, Edward and George Cadbury Junior. By 1899, the Bournville factory had trebled in size with more than 2,600 employees. With the formation of the limited company, Bournville entered a new era as the younger members of the Board introduced new ideas – analytical laboratories, advertising and cost offices, a sales department, works committee, medical department, pension funds, education and training for employees. The Bournville factory site became a series of factories within a factory, as everything needed for the business was produced on site, including tin box pressing plants, carton making units, a design studio and printing plant. This policy continued until well after the Second World War when the rationalisation of the business to mainstream activity – production and marketing of chocolate confectionery- led to the use of outside specialised suppliers for ancillary items. . Cadbury India began its operations in India in 1948 by importing chocolates. It now has manufacturing facilities in Thane, Induri (Pune) and Malanpur (Gwalior), Bangalore and Baddi (Himachal Pradesh) and sales offices in New Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata and Chennai. The corporate head office is inMumbai. Since 1965 Cadbury has also pioneered the development of cocoa cultivation in India. For over two decades, Cadbury has worked with theKerala Agricultural University to undertake cocoa research. Cadbury was incorporated in India on 19 July 1948. Currently, Cadbury India operates in five categories – Chocolate confectionery, Beverages, Biscuits, Gum and Candy. Some of the key brands are Cadbury Dairy Milk, Bournvita, 5 Star, Perk, Bournville, Celebrations, Gems, Halls, Éclairs, Bubbaloo, Tang and Oreo. Its products include Cadbury Dairy Milk, Dairy Milk Silk, Bournville, 5-Star, Perk, Gems (a version of M&M’s), Eclairs,Bournvita, Celebrations, Bilkul Cadbury Dairy Milk Shots, Toblerone, Halls, Tang and Oreo. It is the market leader in the chocolate confectionery business with a market share of over 70%. Products Major chocolate brands produced by Cadbury include the bars Dairy Milk, Crunchie, Caramel, Wispa, Boost, Picnic, Flake, Curly Wurly, Chomp, and Fudge; chocolate Buttons; the boxed chocolate brand Milk Tray; and the twist-wrapped chocolates Heroes. As well as Cadbury’s chocolate, the company also owns Maynards and Halls, and is associated with several types of confectionery including former Trebor and Bassett’s brands or products such as Liquorice Allsorts, Jelly Babies, Flumps, Mints, Black Jack chews, Trident gum, and Softmints. Notable product introductions include: 1866: Cocoa Essence 1875: Easter Eggs 1897: Milk Chocolate and Fingers 1905: Dairy Milk 1908: Bournville 1914: Fry’s Turkish Delight 1915: Milk Tray 1920: Flake 1923: Creme Egg (launched as Fry’s) 1926: Cadbury Dairy Milk Fruit & Nut 1929: Crunchie (launched as Fry’s) 1938: Roses 1948: Fudge 1958: Picnic 1960: Dairy Milk Buttons 1968: Aztec 1970: Curly Wurly 1974: Snack 1976: Double Decker 1981: Wispa (relaunched 2007) 1985: Boost 1987: Twirl 1992: Time Out 1995: Wispa Gold (relaunched 2009 and 2011) 1996: Fuse 2001: Brunch Bar, Dream and Flake Snow 2009: Dairy Milk Silk 2010: Dairy Milk Bliss 2011: Big Race oreo 2012: Marvellous Creations and Crispello. Advertising controversy In May 2011 the model Naomi Campbell described the new advertisement for the Bliss bar as ‘insulting and hurtful’. Reacting to the advertisement, which had the tag line Move over Naomi – there is a new diva in town, Campbell said, â€Å"I am shocked. It’s upsetting to be described as chocolate, not just for me, but for all black women and black people. I do not find any humour in this.† A spokesperson for the company insisted that the campaign was â€Å"a light-hearted take on the social pretensions of Cadbury Dairy Milk Bliss†. The campaign was, he later added, â€Å"no longer in circulation†¦ we have no plans to repeat the campaign.† Reacting to Campbell’s outburst, comedian Reginald D. Hunter, on the BBC television comedy quiz Have I Got News For You, suggested that it was complimentary for black people to be compared to chocolate, and that enjoyment of the Bliss bar might even be enhanced by a love of black people. Health and safety 2006 Salmonella scare On 19 January 2006, Cadbury Schweppes detected a rare strain of the Salmonella bacteria, affecting seven of its products, said to have been caused by a leaking pipe. The leak occurred at itsMarlbrook plant, in Herefordshire, which produces chocolate crumb mixture; the mixture is then transported to factories at Bournville and formerly Somerdale to be turned into milk chocolate. It was not until around six months after the leak was detected that Cadbury Schweppes officially notified the Food Standards Agency, shortly after which it recalled more than a million chocolate bars. In December 2006, the company announced that the cost of dealing with the contamination would reach  £30 million. In April 2007, Birmingham City Council announced that it would be prosecuting Cadbury Schweppes in relation to three alleged offences of breaching food safety legislation. At that time, theHealth Protection Agency identified 31 people who had been infected with Salmonella Montevideo. One of the alleged victims had to be kept on a hospital isolation ward for five days after eating a Cadbury’s caramel bar. An investigation being carried out at that time by Herefordshire Council led to a further six charges being brought. The company pleaded guilty to all nine charges, and was fined one million pounds at Birmingham Crown Court—the sentencing of both cases was brought together.[70] Analysts have said the fine is not material to the group, with mitigating factors limiting the fine being that the company quickly admitted its guilt and said it had been mistaken that the infection did not pose a threat to health. Head office Cadbury’s head office is the Cadbury House in the Uxbridge Business Park in Uxbridge, London Borough of Hillingdon, England. The building occupies 84,000 square feet (7,800 m2) of space inside Building 3 of the business park. Cadbury, which leases space in the building it occupies, had relocated from central London to its current head office. Cadbury’s previous head office was in 25 Berkeley Square in Mayfair, City of Westminster. In 1992 the company leased the space for  £55 per 1 square foot (0.093 m2). In 2002 the company agreed to pay  £68.75 per square foot. The Daily Telegraph reported in 2007 that the rent was expected to increase to a â€Å"three-figure sum. † In 2007 Cadbury Schweppes had announced that it was moving to Uxbridge to cut costs. As of that year the head office had 200 employees. After the Kraft Foods acquisition of Cadbury, Kraft announced that the Cadbury head office would remain the â€Å"Cadbury House.† Mission statement of cadbury. Cadbury’s mission statement says simply: ‘Cadbury means quality’; this is our promise. Our reputation is built upon quality; our commitment to continuous improvement will ensure that our promise is delivered’ . Vision The Vision into action (VIA) plan embodies all aspects of our strategy. Our governing objective is to deliver superior shareowner returns by realizing our vision to be the world’s biggest and best confectionery company. At the heart of our plan is our financial scorecard, judiciously reinforced by our priorities, commitments and culture . Management information strategy. A management information system (MIS) provides information that organizations require to manage themselves efficiently and effectively.[1] Management information systems are typically computer systems used for managing five primary components: 1.) Hardware, 2.) Software, 3.) Data (information for decision making), 4.) Procedures (design,development and documentation), and 5.) People (individuals, groups, or organizations). Management information systems are distinct from other information systems, in that they are used to analyze and facilitate strategic and operational activities.[2] Academically, the term is commonly used to refer to the study of how individuals, groups, and organizations evaluate, design, implement, manage, and utilize systems to generate information to improve efficiency and effectiveness of decision making, including systems termed decision support systems, expert systems, and executive information systems.[2] Most business schools (or colleges of business administration within universities) have an MIS department, alongside departments of accounting, finance, management, marketing, and sometimes others, and grant degrees (at undergrad, masters, and PhD levels) in MIS. Characteristics of management information strategies Strategic information management is a salient feature in the world of information technology (IT). In a nutshell, strategic information management helps businesses and organizations categorize, store, process and transfer the information they create and receive. It also offers tools for helping companies apply metrics and analytical tools to their information repositories, allowing them to recognize opportunities for growth and pinpoint ways to improve operational efficiency. Automation IT professionals design strategic information management systems to automate the management of incoming and outgoing information to the greatest possible degree. While each company has its own unique IT needs, strategic information management systems typically include built-in controls that filter, sort, categorize and store information in easy-to-manage categories. Customization Strategic information management systems are typically customized to meet the unique needs of each individual company. Incoming and outgoing data can be sorted and cross-referenced according to a wide range of individually specified controls and parameters, which include the company’s business verticals and horizontals, individual clients, demographics, geographic location and business function. Strategic information management systems are extensively categorized, allowing for an optimal level of organization. Access controls can be as strict or as lax as the client wants, allowing for company-wide access to information databases or limiting information accessibility to key personnel. User-specific controls can also be set, in case employees need access to certain information but management wants to limit their access to sensitive data. Benefits The benefits of strategic information management can be felt from the executive level right down to the functional staff level. It can help businesses expand their operations into new areas, set goals, measure performance and improve overall productivity. Risks Some of the risks involved with strategic information management systems include implementation challenges, incompatibility with client databases and human error. As with other IT management techniques, data protection and information security is also an ongoing concern. Conclusion Cadbury is one of the best known brands in the world today. It is a brand which is associated with high levels of quality and customer satisfaction. The ongoing growth of Cafà © Cadbury provides a flagship that further helps to enhance the reputation of the Cadbury Masterbrand. At the same time, it provides customers with the opportunity to indulge themselves in the enjoyment of high quality products in a welcoming environment.